What's linked to cancer?
A public guide to the IARC Monographs evidence
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Cancer causes, explained clearly

Explore what science knows about causes of cancer

Use trusted World Health Organization IARC evidence to see which cancers have been linked to tobacco, infections, jobs, medicines, radiation, diet and the environment.

No sign-upNo personal dataNot medical advice
IARCBuilt from expert-reviewed evidenceWHO International Agency for Research on Cancer
186exposures
68cancer types
466evidence links

Hazard is not the same as personal risk

This one distinction changes how every result in the explorer should be read.

01
Hazard

Can something cause cancer under some circumstances?

IARC classifications answer this question by weighing evidence from studies in people, animals and biological mechanisms.

This explorer can help answer this
02
Personal risk

How likely is cancer in one person's real situation?

That depends on how much, how often and how long someone was exposed—as well as age, genetics, other exposures and chance.

This explorer cannot calculate this
Please keep this in mind.

This tool cannot tell you what caused an individual's cancer, diagnose illness or show whether a medicine should be stopped. Most people with these exposures never develop cancer. For a personal concern, speak with a qualified health professional.

Choose where you want to begin

There is no wrong starting point. Search by a cancer, look up something you may encounter, or move through the full network.

Established: strong evidence in peopleSuspected: some evidence, still uncertain
Evidence strength ≠ size of personal risk
Cancer types
01
Choose an item from the list to see what scientists know and how strong the evidence is.
Links Established Suspected Cause Known Probable Possible
Cancer Established (closer, bolder) Suspected (farther, lighter)
Tap a circle to see details and highlight its links · drag to move · scroll or +/- to zoom · bigger circle = more links.

Use the evidence as a starting point—not a verdict

Step 01

Put the result in context

A classification describes confidence that an exposure can cause cancer. It does not show how large your risk is at the amount you encountered.

Step 02

Focus on practical prevention

Trusted health guidance can help with tobacco, alcohol, sun protection, vaccination, workplace safety and other avoidable exposures.

Step 03

Ask about personal concerns

A health professional can consider your dose, timing, medical history and local guidance—context this explorer does not have.

Do not stop a prescribed medicine or treatment because of an entry here. Discuss benefits and risks with the clinician who knows your situation.